A novel mutation in COL1A1 causing osteogenesis imperfecta/hearing loss

Abstract Objectives: To screen the COL1A1 and COL1A2 gene mutation sites in a family with type I osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)/hearing loss and analyze the characteristics and recovery of hearing loss in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. Methods: The basic clinical data of Ol proband and her parents were collected, and the COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes were detected in peripheral blood by PCR amplification and generation Sanger sequencing. Literature of stapedial surgery in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta was collected. Results: The heterozygous mutation of the 26 exon c.1922_1923 ins C in the Ol progenitor COL1A1 gene led to the amino acid frameshift mutation of p.Pro 601FS, which was not detected in the phenotypic parents. The homozygous of exon 28 c.1782>G in COL1A2 was detected in the proband and her parents, resulting in changes in the protein p.Pro 549Ala. Conclusion: The clinical symptoms of the Ol proband is caused by heterozygous mutation of the 26 exon c.1922_1923 ins C in COL1A1 gene. Stapedial surgery can provide short-term and long-term hearing benefits for Ol patients with hearing loss. Level of evidence: Level 4.

Serum interleukin-6 levels are increased in post-herpetic neuralgia: a single-center retrospective study

Abstract Background: Studies have shown that the overall incidence rate of herpeszoster (HZ) in China is 6.64 cases per 1000 people, despite such harms brought by postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), the mechanism of the disease remains unclear in China. Currently, effective biomarkers to predict PHN remain unavailable, which makes it difficult to prevent and successfully treat PHN. Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the serum interleukin-6 level in PHN. Methods: The serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured by multi-antibody sandwich ELISA. The likert scale was used to represent the degree of neuralgia in the patients. Patients with PHN were divided into a mild PHN group and a severe PHN group according to the Likert scale. ROC curve was performed for evaluating the diagnostic efficiency of IL6 for PHN. The correlation between the IL6 level and the Likert scale before and after treatment with gabapentin and mecobalamin was analyzed. Results: IL6 levels in PHN patients resulted higher compared to volunteers. Patients in the severe PHN group had a higher serum IL6 level than in the mild PHN group. The Likert scale score was related to the serum IL6 levels and the frequency of IL6 levels above the cutoff value (4.95pg/mL) in PNH groups before and after treatment (p<0.05). Study limitations: Pain is subjective. Some mental states, such as anxiety and depression, greatly influence an individual's perception of pain, and pain tolerance can vary between people. Therefore, pain scores can be affected by different individual factors. Conclusions: The serum IL6 levels may be used as a biochemical indicator of the severity of PNH.

LED red light up-regulates MAPK signal to promote osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells in an inflammatory environment / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To study the effect of light-emitting diode (LED) red light on the osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and its mechanism were discussed. @*Methods@#This study has been reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee. hDPSCs were cultured by tissue block enzyme digestion. The proliferative capacity of hDPSCs was detected by the CCK-8 at days 1, 3, 5 and 7 under stimulation with 0, 1, 5 and 10 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the LPS stimulatory concentration was screened. The CG group (mineralization induction), LPS+CG group, and LPS+CG+ (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 J/cm2) LED red light groups were set. On day 7, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and ALP activity were determined. Relative expression levels of the ALP, osterix (OSX), dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) genes were measured by qRT-PCR. On day 21, alizarin red staining and calcium nodule quantitative determination were performed to screen the best light energy. The LPS+CG group and LPS+CG+LED group (optimal energy) were set up, and the secretion and expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were detected by ELISAs on days 1, 3, 5 and 7. The relative expression levels of the extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular regulated protein kinases 5 (ERK5) proteins and their phosphorylated proteins in the MAPK signaling pathway were detected by Western blots. After the pathway was blocked, the relative expression levels of the ALP, OSX, DMP-1, and DSPP proteins after LED red light irradiation on day 7 were detected by Western blots.@*Results@# CCK-8 assays showed that the proliferation of hDPSCs induced by 10 μg/mL LPS was lower than that of the 0, 1, and 5 μg/mL groups on the 5th and 7th days (P<0.05), and 10 μg/mL was selected as the LPS stimulatory concentration in the follow-up experiment. ALP staining, ALP activity, gene expression levels of ALP, OSX, DMP-1 and DSPP and calcium nodule quantification in the LPS+CG+4 J/cm2 group were higher than those in the other treatment groups (P<0.05). 4 J/cm2 LED red light had the strongest ability to promote osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation and was used as the LED light energy density in subsequent experiments. ELISA showed that the secretion and expression levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the LPS+CG+LED group were lower than those in the LPS+CG group on the 5th and 7th days (P<0.05). Western blot analysis showed that 4 J/cm2 LED red light promoted the expression levels of the p-ERK1/2, p-p38, p-JNK and p-ERK5 proteins. After the MAPK pathway was blocked, the expression levels of the ALP, OSX, DMP-1, and DSPP proteins in the LPS+CG+LED+U0126 (ERK1/2 inhibitor), SP600125 (JNK inhibitor), and BIX02189 (ERK5 inhibitor) groups were lower than those in the LPS+CG+LED group (P<0.001). The protein expression levels of ALP, OSX and DMP-1 in the LPS+CG+LED+SB203580 (p38 inhibitor) group were not significantly different from those in the LPS+CG+LED group (P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#In inflammatory conditions, LED red light promotes osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. This effect may be attributed to enhancement of the ERK1/2, JNK, and ERK5 signaling pathways, which reduces the production of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β.

Research progress on influencing factors of depressive symptoms in adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#In recent years, mental health problems such as anxiety and depression among adolescents in China have attracted attention from all walks of life. Given that adolescence is a transitional and critical period for individual development, mental health affect the developmental opportunities. Therefore, in the review, the effects of environment, psychosocial factors and behavioral patterns on depressive symptoms are analyzed by combining with the characteristics of physical and mental development among adolescents. It is found that early adolescence and even childhood should be the key period for the prevention and intervention of depression. In order to formulate effective interventions and prevention strategies, it is proposed that future research should combine real situation in China with active exploration of protective factors and early predictors of depression.

Correlation between family environment and depressive symptoms among adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the relationship between family environment and depressive symptoms among adolescent, and to provide a reference for adolescent mental health promotion and intervention.@*Methods@#From September to December in 2021, a questionnaire survey on family environment and depressive symptoms was conducted among 8 102 middle school students by random cluster sampling method in Shanghai, Urumqi, Changsha and Kunming. The Chi square test was used to compare the depression status of students in different family environments. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between family environment and depressive symptoms.@*Results@#The detection rates of possible depression, likely depression and severe depression in adolescents were 11.2%, 5.9% and 8.4%, respectively. There were significant differences in the detection rate of depression by gender, academic period, urban and rural areas, family forms and only child statu( χ 2=87.60, 27.19, 6.65, 45.59, 4.78, P <0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that adolescents in single parent families ( OR =1.45) and reorganized families( OR =1.69) were positively correlated with the occurrence of depressive symptoms compared with those in nuclear families( P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#Compared with nuclear families, the risks of adolescent depressive symptoms in single parent families and reorganized families are higher. Attention should be paid to the mental health education of teenagers from single parents and reorganized families to ensure the development of their physical and mental health.

Correlation between physical activity and depressive symptoms in adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the correlation between physical activity and depressive symptoms in adolescents, so as to provide a reference for the early prevention of depression among adolescents.@*Methods@#Using a random cluster sampling method, 8 102 adolescents from Shanghai, Urumqi, Changsha and Kunming were investigated via the Physical Activity Assessment Questionnaire of Chinese Children and Adolescents aged 7 to 18 and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) for physical activity and depressive symptoms. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between physical activity and depressive symptoms in adolescents.@*Results@#The proportion of adolescents who met moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) standard was 37.0%, and the detection rate of depressive symptoms was 25.6%. The detection rate of depressive symptomsin compliant with MVPA standard group was significantly lower than that in non compliant group among different age and gender( χ 2=7.62-34.54, P <0.05). Adolescents with severe depressive symptoms had high light intensity physical activity(LPA) duration and low vigorous intensity physical activity(VPA) duration, while adolescents with mild depressive symptoms or asymptomatic adolescents had higher MVPA duration. There were differences in LPA and VPA among adolescents with different levels of depressive symptoms in the overall sample, and the differences were still significant among girls, middle school and statistically significant differences in LPA, moderate intensity physical activity(MPA), MVPA were also found among the high school subgroup. However, differences only in LPA were observed among boys with different levels of depression( H=46.48, 10.31, 25.02, 29.54, 30.25, 19.80, 22.20, 9.54, 8.62, 18.06, P <0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression model showed that gender and duration of MVPA were significantly related to risk of depressive symptoms( OR=1.56, 1.42, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Physical activity among adolescents is significantly related to depressive symptoms. MVPA may be an effective measure to reduce the degree of depressive symptoms.To improve the physical health and prevent depression among adolescents, it is important to choose appropriate physical activity types and effectively increase the duration of MVPA.

Correlation analysis between non suicidal self injury behavior and depressive symptoms in adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the correlation between non suicidal self injury(NSSI) behaviors and depressive symptoms in adolescents and to provide a theoretical basis for improvement of adolescent physical and mental health.@*Methods@#A total of 8 102 adolescents aged 12-17 years were selected by random cluster sampling method in Shanghai, Urumqi, Changsha and Kunming, using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Adolescent Non Suicidal Self Injurious Behavior Assessment Questionnaire. Depressive symptoms and the occurrence of NSSI behaviors were assessed. The relationship between NSSI behaviors and depressive symptoms was analyzed using Chi square test, one way analysis and Logistic regression analysis.@*Results@#The overall detection rate of NSSI in adolescents, 24.6%, with a significantly lower detection rate in boys (23.1%) than in girls (26.2%) ( χ 2=10.97, P <0.05), and 24.7%, 24.6% in the middle school and high school segments, respectively, but the difference was not statistically significant ( χ 2=0.01, P >0.05). The overall detection rate of adolescent depressive symptoms was 49.7 % in the group with NSSI and 17.7% in the group without NSSI, with statistically significant differences ( χ 2=808.80, P < 0.01 ). The detection rates of adolescent depressive symptoms in the group with NSSI (male:44.0%, female:54.7%, middle school:49.6%, high school:49.8%) and the group without NSSI (male:14.2%, female:21.4%, middle school:14.3%, high school: 21.0 %) were statistically significant by sex and age groups ( χ 2=385.58, 412.44, 520.60, 313.78, P ＜0.01). Logistic regression models, after adjusting for gender and age, the risk for depressive symptoms was 2.65 times (95% CI =2.27-3.09) and 7.28 times (95% CI = 6.34- 8.37) more frequently in adolescents with episodic self injurious behavior and frequent self injurious behavior, respectively, compared to those without self injurious behavior. The association between NSSI status and depressive symptoms did not show sex differences ( P >0.05).@*Conclusion@#Adolescent NSSI behavior is positively associated with depressive symptoms, the attention should be paid to adolescent physical and mental health to reduce the occurrence of NSSI.

Correlation between physical fitness condition and depressive symptoms in adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationship between adolescents physical fitness and depressive symptoms, and to provide reference for the early prevention and intervention of depressive symptoms and improvement of physical fitness in Chinese adolescents.@*Methods@#From September to December 2021, a total of 8 102 adolescents were selected by random cluster sampling method in Shanghai, Urumqi, Changsha and Kunming. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D) was used to investigate the depressive symptoms, and completed grip strength, standing long jump, 50 m running, modified sitting forward flexion, 20 s repeated traverse, 30 s sit ups, 20 m round trip running (20 m SRT) test. χ 2 test, Goodman Kruskal Gamma and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between physical fitness index(PFI) and depressive symptoms.@*Results@#The overall detection rate of depressive symptoms in adolescents with high level PFI was 23.4%, and the detection rate of low level adolescents was 26.3%, with a statistically significant difference ( χ 2=6.73, P =0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between PFI and depressive symptoms in the high school group ( G=0.09, P <0.05) and the boy group ( G=0.12, P < 0.05 ), and there was no significant association between PFI and depressive symptoms in the junior high school group and the girl group ( P >0.05). After adjusting for gender and age in the Logistic regression model, compared with those with high PFI, the risk of depressive symptoms in those with low PFI was 1.18 times (95% CI =1.05-1.33).@*Conclusion@#There is a correlation between physical fitness and depressive symptoms in adolescents. Adolescents with low PFI are at higher risk of developing depressive symptoms than those with high PFI.

Correlation between nutritional status and depressive symptoms in middle school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the correlation between different nutritional status and depressive symptoms among adolescents, so as to provide a theoretical basis for targeted improvement of nutritional status and depressive symptoms in adolescents.@*Methods@#A total of 8 102 adolescents aged 12-17 years in Shanghai, Urumqi, Changsha and Kunming were selected by random cluster sampling. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D). Height and weight were measured. Kruskal Wallis H test, Chi square test and ordinal Logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship between nutritional status and depressive symptoms in adolescents.@*Results@#The overall detection rate of depressive symptoms in adolescents was 25.6%, with girls (30.1%) higher than that of boys (21.1%) ( χ 2=87.60, P <0.01). There were statistically significant differences in the scores of depressive symptoms among girls with different nutritional status ( Z =8.34, P <0.05). The detectable rate of depressive symptoms increased with BMI among girls( χ 2 trend =6.04, P <0.05). After controlling for confounding factors, ordinal Logistic regression showed that the obese girls had higher risks in depressive symptoms detection compared with normal weight girls ( OR=1.45, 95%CI=1.10-1.91, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The nutritional status of girls is better than boys, but the prevalence of depressive symptoms is higher than boys. The risk of depressive symptoms in girls increases with BMI.

A four year follow up study on mental health of impoverished college students in Dongguan / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the changes of mental health of impoverished college students from the first year to the last year, to provide reference for improving mental health of impoverished college students.@*Methods@#The cluster sampling method was used to conduct a longitudinal follow up survey in October of each year from 2018 to 2021. Mental health status of 403 impoverished and 3 559 non impoverished college students in a university from Dongguan in 2018 grade was assessed using the SCL-90 scale.@*Results@#During the past four years, mental health status of poor college students has significantly improved by year, and both the total and positive mean scores of SCL-90 were reduced ( F =106.60, 96.37 , P <0.01). Sex difference in mental health score among poor college students gradually decreased over time. In the first two years, total score, positive score, somatization, depression, anxiety, phobia factor scores were higher than male students ( t =-3.97--2.21, P <0.05), while since the third year in college, no similar differences in SCL-90 total mean score, positive average, average score of most factors and detection rate were observed ( P >0.05). In the past four years, there was also no significant difference between poor and non poor college students in mental health score ( P >0.05).@*Conclusion@#For the past 4 years, the mental health status of poor college students has significantly improved. The sex difference in mental health status among poor college students, and between poor and non poor college students gradually disappear. Subsequent researchers should explore more positive psychological characteristics of poor students from the perspective of positive psychology.

Injuryrelated mortality among children aged 0-14 years in Hunan Province during 2014-2021 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore injury related mortality among children aged 0-14 years in Hunan, to provide reliable data support for injury prevention among children aged 0-14 years in the region.@*Methods@#A descriptive analysis on child mortality data from 2014 to 2021 of injuries collected from 28 death surveillance spots in Hunan was conducted.@*Results@#The mortality rate of injures among children aged 0-14 years in Hunan decreased from 20.19/100 000 (adjusted mortality: 25.32/100 000) in 2014 to 11.05/100 000 (adjusted mortality: 13.71/100 000) in 2021 (APC=-9.4%, P <0.05), and the annual average mortality rate was 14.86/100 000, there were 17.29/100 000 boys and 11.96/100 000 girls, with statistically significant gender differences ( χ 2= 27 835.54 , P <0.05). The average mortality rate of drowning among different causes of injury and death was 5.98/100 000, followed by the average mortality rate of road traffic accidents of 3.38/100 000.@*Conclusion@#There is a downward trend of deaths due to injures for children aged 0-14 years in Hunan during 2014-2021, with an obvious gender difference. Drowning and traffic accidents are the main cause of injury related deaths for children aged 0-14 years. Steady monitoring of children injury is vital for children injury prevention. Children safety and health education, and related effective policies and legal provisions should be developed and enhanced.

Serum lymphocytes and cytokines: diagnostic value and influence on the immune status in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis / Linfócitos e citocinas séricas: valor diagnóstico e influência no estado imunológico de pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the absolute number of serum T lymphocytes and cytokine levels and the characteristics of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and to assess their effect on the immune status of these patients and their diagnostic and predictive value for tuberculosis. Methods: We included 1,069 patients with active tuberculosis, 51 patients with latent tuberculosis infection, and 600 health individuals. Absolute serum T-lymphocyte counts and cytokine levels were quantified. Results: T lymphocytes were significantly reduced in patients with active tuberculosis when compared with healthy individuals. The immune function of patients gradually decreased with age and was stronger in female patients than in males. Th1 cells expressed higher levels of cytokines than did Th2 cells. Logistic regression analysis showed that reduced CD3+ T, CD8+ T, and NK cell counts, as well as reduced IL-4 and IFN-g expression, were independent influencing factors for active tuberculosis. ROC analysis showed that the sensitivity and specificity of absolute CD3+ T and CD8+ T lymphocyte counts and combined factors were significantly higher than were those of IL-4 and IFN-g for diagnosing active tuberculosis. Conclusions: Serum T-lymphocyte counts and cytokine levels can assess the immune status of tuberculosis patients; they are also useful biomarkers for predicting and diagnosing tuberculosis.

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar o número absoluto de linfócitos T séricos e os níveis de citocinas séricas, bem como as características, de pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar ativa e avaliar o efeito desses no estado imunológico desses pacientes e seu valor diagnóstico e preditivo para tuberculose. Métodos: Foram incluídos 1.069 pacientes com tuberculose ativa, 51 pacientes com tuberculose latente e 600 indivíduos saudáveis. Foram realizadas a contagem absoluta de linfócitos T séricos e a quantificação de citocinas séricas. Resultados: Os linfócitos T estavam significativamente reduzidos nos pacientes com tuberculose ativa em comparação com os indivíduos saudáveis. A função imunológica dos pacientes diminuiu gradativamente com a idade e mostrou-se mais forte nas mulheres do que nos homens. As células Th1 expressaram maiores níveis de citocinas do que as células Th2. A análise de regressão logística mostrou que contagens reduzidas de células T CD3+, T CD8+ e NK e expressão reduzida de IL-4 e IFN-g foram fatores de influência independentes para tuberculose ativa. A análise ROC mostrou que a sensibilidade e especificidade dos valores absolutos de linfócitos T CD3+ e T CD8+ e de fatores combinados foram significativamente maiores do que as da IL-4 e do IFN-g para o diagnóstico da tuberculose ativa. Conclusões: A contagem de linfócitos T séricos e os níveis de citocinas séricas podem avaliar o estado imunológico de pacientes com tuberculose; também são biomarcadores úteis na predição e diagnóstico da tuberculose.

Red light-emitting diode light mediated by the KEAP1-NRF2/HO-1 pathway induces osteogenic differentiation and attenuates the oxidative stress damage of human periodontal ligament stem cells induced by high glucose / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@# To explore the effects of red LED light mediated by the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (KEAP1-NRF2/HO-1) pathway on osteogenic differentiation and oxidative stress damage of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) induced by high glucose, which provides a basis for the application of red light-emitting diode (LED) light in cell antioxidative damage.@*Methods@#hPDLSCs were identified by flow cytometric analysis, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and Alizarin red-S staining; hPDLSCs were pretreated in a high glucose environment for 48 hours and irradiated with 1, 3, or 5 J/cm2 red LED light. A CCK-8 assay was performed to choose the radiant exposure that had the strongest effect on promoting the cell proliferation rate for subsequent experiments. hPDLSCs were divided into a control group, a high glucose group and a high glucose+light exposure group. ALP staining, ALP activity, Alizarin red-S staining and quantitative calcified nodules were used to detect the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs; qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the gene and protein expression levels of ALP, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and osterix (OSX); the relative mRNA expression levels of antioxidant enzyme-related genes superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and catalase (CAT) in hPDLSCs were detected by qRT-PCR; reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry; the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels in cell supernatants were detected by ELISA; the NRF2-specific inhibitor ML385 was used to inhibit the NRF2 pathway; ALP staining and ALP activity were used to detect the markers of early osteogenic differentiation; qRT-PCR was used to detect the gene expression of ALP, RUNX2 and OSX; and the protein expression levels of KEAP1, NRF2 and HO-1 were detected by Western blot.@*Results @# Identified, and irradiant exposure of 5 J/cm2 was chosen for subsequent experiments. Red LED light irradiation (5 J/cm2) improved the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs induced by high glucose (P<0.05), increased the mRNA and protein levels of ALP, RUNX2 and OSX (P<0.05), upregulated the mRNA expression levels of SOD2 and CAT (P<0.05), reduced the levels of ROS (P<0.05), and reduced TNF-α and IL-1β levels in the cell supernatants (P<0.05). When ML385 was added to inhibit the NRF2 pathway, the ALP activity of cells was decreased (P<0.05); the gene expression levels of ALP, RUNX2 and OSX were downregulated (P<0.05); the protein level of KEAP1 was upregulated (P<0.05); and the protein levels of NRF2 and HO-1 were downregulated (P<0.05)@*Conclusion@#Red LED light may promote the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of hPDLSCs induced by high glucose through the KEAP1-NRF2/HO-1 pathway and reduce the oxidative stress damage to hPDLSCs induced by high glucose.

Effects of a red light-emitting diode on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from the apical papilla / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To explore the effects of red LEDs on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human stem cells from apical papilla (hSCAPs).@*Methods@#hSCAPs were obtained by isolation, culture and flow cytometry in vitro and irradiated with 1, 3, 5, and 7 J/cm2 red LEDs. The proliferation of hSCAPs was detected using a CCK-8 assay. The osteogenic differentiation of hSCAPs was evaluated using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, ALP activity assay and Alizarin red quantitative detection. The effect of 5 J/cm2 red LEDs on the expression levels of the ALP, Runx2, OCN, OPN and BSP genes and proteins was detected by RT-PCR and western blot, respectively.@*Results@# Red LEDs at 1, 3, 5, and 7 J/cm2 promoted the proliferation of hSCAPs (P < 0.05). The effects of red LEDs with different light energies on the proliferation of hSCAPs were different at different time points (P < 0.05). On the 7th and 14th days after irradiation, red LEDs promoted the osteogenic differentiation of hSCAPs, and the effect of 5 J/cm2 red LEDs was the most obvious under osteogenic induction culture conditions (P<0.05). Red LEDs (5 J/cm2) promoted the expression of the ALP, Runx2, OCN, OPN and BSP genes and proteins (P < 0.05).@*Conclusion @#Red LEDs promoted the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hSCAPs.

Vagus Nerve Stimulation in the Treatment of Dravet Syndrome / 罕见病研究

Dravet syndrome is a epileptic syndrome characterized by drug-resistant epilepsy occuring at childhood. It is often accompanied by status epilepticus and cognitive and language impairment appearing gradually as the disease progresses. The effect of antiepileptic drugs and resection epilepsy surgery on Dravet syndrome is poor although neuromodulation surgery, especially vagus nerve stimulation, is an effective and feasible treatment for Dravet syndrome. In this article we reported a case of Dravet syndrome treated with vagus nerve stimulation, relevant literature was reviewed and summarized at the same time. A total of 141 cases of Dravet treated by vagus nerve stimulation were collected, and the overall effective rate was 53.9%.

Correlation between physical fitness index and mental sub-health among Chinese adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the association between mental sub-health and physical fitness of Chinese adolescents, to provide a reference for promoting the physical and mental health of Chinese adolescents.@*Methods@#A total of 16 545 adolescents (13-22 years) were selected by random cluster sampling in six major administrative regions in China. The psychological part of the Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents (MSQA) and the physical fitness index test were used to assess mental sub-health and physical fitness, respectively. The chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze and compare the relationships between different levels of physical fitness and mental sub-health.@*Results@#The overall detection rate of mental sub-health status among high-grade physical fitness index adolescents was 11.9%, and the detection rate among low-grade physical fitness index youths was 26.0%, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=970.73，P<0.05). The overall detection rate among high-grade physical fitness index boys was 11.1%, and that of low-grade physical fitness index boys was 24.4%. The difference was statistically significant (χ2=566.12，P<0.05). The overall detection rate of mental sub-health status among high-level physical fitness index girls was 12.8%, and that among low-level physical fitness index girls was 27.6%, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=412.25，P<0.05). After adjusting for gender, age, BMI, and region in the Logistic regression model, the detection rate of mental sub-health status of adolescents with low-grade physical fitness index was 2.35 times higher than that of high-grade physical fitness index adolescents(95%CI=2.12-2.61).@*Conclusion@#Adolescents with poor physical fitness have a higher risk of mental sub-health.Attention should be paid to adolescent physical fitness development to comprehensively improve physical and mental health development.

Abnormal neurobiochemical metabolites in the first / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the metabolite characteristics in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) by @*METHODS@#A total of 46 patients with the first-episode schizophrenia (FES), 49 people with clinical high risk (CHR), 61 people with genetic high risk (GHR), and 58 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. The levels of N-acetylaspartylglutamate+N-acetylaspartate (tNAA), choline-containing compounds (Cho) and myo-inositol (MI), glutamate+glutamine (Glx) in medial prefrontal cortex were measured by single-voxel @*RESULTS@#There were significant differences in Glx, tNAA, and MI concentrations among 4 groups (all @*CONCLUSIONS@#The decreased levels of MI and Glx in the FES patients suggest that there may be glial functional damage and glutamatergic transmitter dysfunction in the early stage of the disease. The compensatory increase of metabolites may be a protective factor for schizophrenia in the genetic individuals.

Contruction of Drug Delivery System of Cancer Cell Membrane Coated Nanoparticles and Application in Breast Cancer / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate a biomimetic nano-targeted drug modifide by cancer cell membrane and to discuss its efficiency in breast cancer. METHODS: The lac-DOX/DOX was prepared by filming-rehydration method, and the 4T1 cell membrane was extracted at the same time. The lac-DOX /DOX@4T1m was prepared by sonication method.. The morphology of lac-DOX /DOX@4T1m was observed by a transmission electron microscopy. The protein on 4T1 cell membrane was analyzed by gel electrophoresis. The targeting of drugs to homologous cancer cells in vivo and in vitro were evaluated by cell uptake experiments and imaging experiments of small animals. 4T1 tumor-bearing Balb/c mice were built, the anti-tumor efficacy and biosafety of lac-DOX/ DOX@4t1m were evaluated. RESULTS: The prepared lac-DOX /DOX@4T1m have a regular spherical shape with an average particle diameter of (204.8±13.0)nm, and the protein entirety remained on the cell membrane. The results of cell uptake experiments and in vivo imaging experiments of mice showed that lac-DOX/DOX@4T1m can target 4T1 cells. Antitumor test results showed that lac-DOX/ DOX@4T1m could inhibit tumor growth more effectively and significantly reduce the damage to liver function. CONCLUSION: In this study, a bionic nano-drug is successfully prepared, which improve the tumor targeting and therapeutic effect, reduce the toxic effects of adriamycin, and improve the drug safety.

Breast hamartoma: Ultrasound, elastosonographic, and contrast-enhanced ultrasound features

Aims: To present the ultrasound (US), shear-wave elastography (SWE), and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) features of breast hamartomas. Subjects and Methods: In this retrospective analysis, we included 36 breast hamartomas of 36 female patients who had been scheduled for US-guided vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) or surgical excision between May 2013 and October 2016. In the 36 patients, US, CEUS, and SWE were performed, and the pathology results from surgical or VAB were obtained. The US, SWE, and CEUS features of the lesions were analyzed. Results: All breast hamartomas had an oval-shaped and a circumscribed margin. Of the 36 hamartomas, 30 (83.3%) had heterogeneous echogenicity and 28 (77.8%) displayed no changes in posterior echogenicity. There were no significant differences in the maximum, mean, and minimum elasticity between the hamartomas and peripheral parenchyma (P = 0.885, 0.683, and 0.451, respectively). All hamartomas appeared with a clear edge on CEUS, and none showed lesion diameter expansion after the injection of contrast. Compared with the peripheral parenchyma, 10 hamartomas (27.8%) showed rapid perfusion mode, 23 (63.9%) showed equal perfusion mode, 24 (66.7%) showed equal enhancement, and 9 (25.0%) showed hyperenhancement. The mean peak intensity and area under the curve of hamartomas were significantly higher than those of peripheral parenchyma (P = 0.013 and P = 0.011, respectively). The peak time and increasing-start time were not significantly different between hamartomas and peripheral parenchyma (P = 0.321 and P = 0.215, respectively). Conclusions: Hamartomas have typical features on US, SWE, and CEUS. Applying multiple ultrasound techniques would be helpful for their diagnosis

Biological Effects of Chlamydiaphage phiCPG1 Capsid Protein Vp1 on Chlamydia Trachomatis In Vitro and In Vivo / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The researches on chlamydia in recent years show that chlamydia bacteriophage may be a potential and effective means to solve the clinical infection of chlamydia trachomatis (Ct).We investigated the biological effect of chlamydiaphage phiCPG1 capsid protein Vp1 on Ct both in McCoy cells and genital tract of mice.Different concentrations of Vp1 were co-incubated with Ct E serotype strain in McCoy cells.Female BALB/c mice were used to establish Ct E strain-induced urogenital infection model.They were randomly divided into five groups and given different treatments on the fifth day after Ct inoculation.Animals in groups 1 and 2 were given 30 μL different concentrations of Vp1 in the genital tract respectively,those in group 3 were intramuscularly injected with 30 μL Vp1,those in the infected group did not receive any intervention,and those in the control group received 30 μL PBS in the genital tract.The vaginal discharge was collected to identify the live chlamydia by cell culture and gene fragment by real time PCR different days after infection.Inhibition rate of 100 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL Vpl proteins against Ct E strain in the McCoy cell cultures was 91％ and 79％ respectively,The number of intracellular Ct inclusion in the McCoy cells co-cultured with vaginal discharge of group 1 and group 2 was less than in the infected group,and that in group 1 was less than in group 2,on the 7th day after Ct inoculation.Real-time PCR showed that chlamydia concentration of the vaginal discharge in group 2 was lower than in the infected group,and that in group 1 was lower than in group 2 on the 10th day.It was suggested that Vp1 capsid proteins had inhibitory effect on the proliferation of Ct serovar E strain in cell culture and mouse genital tract.